
Movements In The Venezuelan Oil & Gas Industry Since Maduro’s Kidnapping
The Venezuelan oil and gas industry is a cornerstone of the nation’s economy, underpinning government revenue and influencing regional geopolitics. Once producing over three million barrels per day (bpd), years of underinvestment, alleged mismanagement, and international sanctions severely eroded both production and technical expertise. The state-run company, Petróleos de Venezuela,




